Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
89-100
Received:
3 November 2025
Accepted:
13 November 2025
Published:
24 July 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.sdf.20260102.12
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Abstract: Citrus (Citrus spp. L.) is one of the most popular fruits in the world as a good source of vitamin C, and belongs to the Family: Rutaceae. Citrus most likely originated from species native to southeastern Asia and India and spread to the other parts of the world. The worldwide spread of the numerous citrus varieties in commercial planting has entered pests, diseases and disorders causing yield losses. Brazil, Mediterranean countries, China and the United States about two-thirds of the total citrus production. China is the first largest citrus producer and second to Brazil. Citrus fruits are growing in over 140 countries. North America has the highest consumption per capita of citrus fruits in the world followed by South America and Europe. Oranges occupy the major portion of the world followed by mandarins. Citrus production is always threatened by pathogens that cause economic losses. In India area under citrus are about one lakh hectares and production of approximately 14 lakh tones. India ranks sixth among the top citrus-producing countries in the world. Important species of citrus varieties grown in India as loose-jacket mandarin oranges/santras (Citrus reticulata), tight jacket sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis); musambi oranges and acid limes/ kaghzi limes (Citrus aurantifolia). Other species of citrus varieties cultivated in limited areas viz., grapefruit, pummelo (Citrus grandis), sweet lime (Citrus limettioides) and lemon. Citrus diseases harm fruit production as well as the fruit quality of the citrus tree. Citrus is susceptible to a large number of diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids, phytoplasma, nutrient deficiencies, phanerogamic parasites and environmental effects leading to different physiological disorders. The major citrus diseases are citrus gummosis, citrus canker, huanglongbing, citrus variegated chlorosis, citrus decline, citrus greening, slow decline, and spreading decline are cause significant reductions in production.
Abstract: Citrus (Citrus spp. L.) is one of the most popular fruits in the world as a good source of vitamin C, and belongs to the Family: Rutaceae. Citrus most likely originated from species native to southeastern Asia and India and spread to the other parts of the world. The worldwide spread of the numerous citrus varieties in commercial planting has enter...
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